Theme Of Ambition In Macbeth - 876 Words

Shakespeare’s 17th century play Macbeth, is a timeless tale of fate, power, and the consequences of ambition. Despite vastly different interpretations across the centuries due to different cultural and historical contexts, the story remains powerful and relevant today because of its universal themes. Since the play was essentially written for King James I, Shakespeare heavily reinforces the king’s own beliefs and values. Although we do not follow these doctrines in the present day, the literary techniques used throughout Macbeth transcend cultural and historical barriers and touch on the fundamentals of human nature, and ambition’s role in society. In Macbeth, there are two types of ambition presented, one leading to order, and the other†¦show more content†¦This idea reflects the original purpose of the play, to reinforce the king’s rule and his ideology of ‘The Chain of Being’. When Macbeth begins to disrupt the ‘natural order’ and take power for himself, â€Å"The earth was feverous and did shake, (2.3.53)† it retaliated to Macbeth’s act and is described â€Å"as troubled by man’s act. (2.4.5)† A falcon is described to be â€Å"tow’ring in her pride of place, (2.4.12)† in her status as top of the natural hierarchy only to be â€Å"hawked at and killed. (2.4.14)† Light and dark are depicted as having emotions, of opposing each other as â€Å"night’s predominance, or the day’s shame,† engulfed the world â€Å"when living light should kiss it, (2.4.7-9)†. Due to Duncan’s murder, the light is ashamed of m ankind, and night dominates the skies. In the modern day, we have a different idea of ambition. There is a drive to move up in the world, to prove ourselves, and it is considered desirable and progressive to subvert stereotypes. This is quite opposite to the ideas presented in Macbeth, that staying in your place will guarantee order and prosperity, while subverting the norm will lead to chaos and destruction. Religious symbolism is an integral technique in Macbeth, which draws a clear contrast between good and evil in the minds of the audience. Witches were considered by most in Jacobean England to be real beings, servants of the devil. ByShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Ambition In Macbeth1038 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Macbeth, means that the blood of the victim will seek out the blood of the murderer; in this case, that is Macbeth. This play is full of many central themes that display the different sides of the characters. Although Macbeth proves to be very power hungry; greed, ambition, and also revenge fuel the individuals in this play, whether it be for the right or wrong reasons. Ambition, a strong desire to do or achieve something, is a theme that shows throughout all of Macbeth. The most ambitiousRead MoreTheme Of Ambition In Macbeth1277 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s play of Macbeth tells a tragedy that was caused by the major theme of ambition, which is greatly emphasized throughout the story by having Lady Macbeth, a key character whose ambition will push her husband Macbeth to the edge along with his flaw of being too ambitious where the two become the driving force of the play that will eventually seal their fate. In the play, Macbeth who is the main character has the flaw of having too much ambition but his conscience will hold back his desiresRead MoreTheme Of Ambition In Macbeth1552 Words   |  7 PagesIn the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, ambition is the key theme throughout the plot. It is the sole reason the events occur as they do. Many refer to Macbeth as the play of ambition due to this very reason. However, as we read through the play we begin to see effects of each character’s desires on themselves as well as those who surround them. We see some characters follow their ambition through violent ways while some achieve it through manipulation. Three characters in particularRead MoreTheme Of Ambition In Macbeth917 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Essay In the play Macbeth, there are several different themes used by the author (Shakespeare). Some of the themes that are used in the play are ambition, guilt, things are not what they seem, and natural vs unnatural. Every theme used in the play is very important to the story. Ambition is one of the themes that is used in the play that are very important to the story. Most of the characters are shown to have ambition towards something at some point or another throughout Macbeth. OneRead MoreTheme Of Ambition In Macbeth1213 Words   |  5 PagesAmbition, a trait which underlines success, but while unchecked can lead to self or societal corruption. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, â€Å"Macbeth†, a brave general falls into tyranny and paranoia after he acts immorally upon the witches prophecies. Macbeth’s pursuit of long lasting power reveals the consequences of hubris and unchecked ambition, which ultimately leads to the the deterioration of his human nature and the corruption of the kingdom. Through the use of thematic motif, the theme ofRead MoreTheme Of Ambition In Macbeth754 Words   |  4 PagesOne theme in Macbeth is ambition. We see all different types of ambition through out the story. The first instance is when Macbeth sends a letter to his wife tell her what the weird sisters said. He told Lady Macbeth that they said he would become king after becoming Thane of Cowdar. He also told him wife that he would to anything to make sure that comes true. After Lady Macbeth read this she wanted to make sure her husband would become king. She has a few concerns though, To catch the nearest way:Read MoreTheme Ambition In Macbeth985 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequences. Macbeth was written in 1606 by Shakespeare. It is important that you understand the text in order for you to know what is going on in the play. Federigo’s Falcon was written in the 14th Century after the Black Plague. The story was told the 5th day of the journey. Beowulf is an Old English epic poem that has 3182 long lines. It is important because it is written in Old English and is the oldest poem. It was written in the time between the 8th and the 11th century. The theme ambition is seenRead MoreThe Themes Of Ambition In Shakespeares Macbet h853 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent themes displayed in Shakespeares famous play Macbeth. Many of these themes play with nature, the supernatural, and fate. From ghosts to horses eating each other the play uses symbolism, language, and characters to portray these themes. During the play the audience learns of several themes such as ambition, guilt, fate versus free will, nature versus the unnatural, and how things are not always as they seem. Anyone who has read or seen Macbeth knows that his great undoing was his ambition. AmbitionRead MoreTheme Of Ambition In Macbeth915 Words   |  4 PagesThe undeniable power of unbridled ambition and its ramifications are extensively portrayed within William Shakespeare’s tragedy; Macbeth. Within this play, ambition is portrayed as a corrupting and unquenchable force through the main concepts of mental imbalance, supernatural behaviors and betrayal. The consuming desires of Macbeth and their repercussions are vividly enhanced through the use of various expressive literary techniques. Ultimately, Macbeth is a play that explores and reiterates theRead MoreThe Theme Of Ambition In Macbeth And Enders Game880 Words   |  4 PagesAmbition in human nature is so powerful that it can blind one’s vision of achieving success. Both Lady Macbeth’s ambition from Shakespeare’s MacBeth and Peter’s ambition from Card’s Ender’s Game blinds judgement and logic, and they eventually end up more harming than succeeding. In the play MacBeth by Shakespeare, MacBeth is strangely met by three witches, who declares his prophecy of being king, but later losing the crown. Lady MacBeth ambitious goal for MacBeth remain king results in her going

The Effect Of The Amount Of Naoh On The Gas Volume At 2...

1). Title The Effect of the Amount of NaOH on the Gas Volume at 2 Minutes 2). IV, DV, 3 SVs IV: The amount of base (NaOH) DV: The the volume of gas in mL after 2 minutes. SV: The amount of Hydrogen Peroxide, the amount of reaction time (2 minutes), and the amount of enzyme (catalase). 3). Hypothesis If different amounts of a base (2 mL, 4 mL, 6 mL) were added, then the reaction would produce the most gas at 6 mL because bases have more OH and the extra oxygen will make the reaction take less time because of the enzyme in the raw liver. 4). Materials Safety Goggles, 50 mL granulated cylinder, 10 mL granulated cylinder, glass vial with stopper and pipet, thermometer, plastic shoe box (tub), catalase from chicken liver, pH paper 0.1M NaOH, 3% Hydrogen Peroxide, tweezers, filter paper disks. 5). Procedure Fill bin with water Fill granulated cylinder with water by submerging and make sure no bubbles at the top. Place filter paper disks dipped in catalase on one side of glass vial. Fill the glass vial with 10 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and NaOH (2mL, 4mL, or 6mL, depending) on the other side of the glass vial. Quickly cap the tube with the rubber stopper and submerge and make sure dropper is under the granulated cylinder and that the bubbles are going up the cylinder. Record volume of gas (mL) after 2 minutes. 6). Data Table Enzyme Experiment Trials IVs 1 2 3 Averages Control 40 mL 80 mL 70 mL 63.3 mL Base 2 mL 70 mL 55 mL 63 mL 62.67 mL Base 4 mL 50 mLShow MoreRelatedChemical Reaction and Solution2470 Words   |  10 Pagessolubility of Cu(OH)2(s) is 1.72 x10–6 g/100. mL of solution at 25 ° C. (i) Write the balanced chemical equation for the dissociation of Cu(OH)2(s) in aqueous solution. Cu(OH)2 Cu 2+ + 2 OH – (ii) Calculate the solubility (in mol/L) of Cu(OH)2 at 25  °C. (1.72 x10–6 g/0.100 L)(1 mol/97.5 g) = 1.76 x10–7 mol/L (iii) Calculate the value of the solubility-product constant, Ksp, for Cu(OH)2 at 25  °C. Ksp = [Cu 2+][OH –]2 = [1.76 x10–7][3.53 x10–7]2 = 2.20 x10–20Read MoreMeasuring Reaction Rate Using Volume of Gas Produced1629 Words   |  7 PagesChemistry 12 Formal Report Measuring Reaction Rate using Volume of Gas Produced By John Doe 23th October 2012 Introduction An essential element of chemistry is finding reaction rates. This is because chemists need to know how long a reaction should take. In addition to needing to know the rate of a reaction at any point in time to monitor how the reaction is proceeding. Many factors effect reaction rates, two shown above include temperature and concentration. Concentration affects theRead MorePurpose Of The Lab A Chemistry Lab1890 Words   |  8 Pagesprovided in the lab. The types of measurement that will be highlighted include mass, volume and density; mass as being referred to as a definite amount of matter typically revealed in the form of grams (g), volume being defined as a specific amount of space taken up by a form shown in the form of milliliters (mL), liters (L), centimeters cubed (cm3) or many others, and density being defined as a ratio of mass over volume. Observing how these measurements change depending on the substance or object isRead MorePurification of Water : a Study1707 Words   |  7 PagesChemistry Investigatory Project To determine minimum amount of Bleaching Powder Required to disinfect different samples of Water. INDEX I. Introduction o Purification of Water o History of Water Purification o Bleaching Powder II. Experiment o Aim o Requirements o Theory o Procedure o Observations o Result o Precautions Introduction 98% of the Earth’s water is present in the oceans with an average salinity of 3.5%. The remainder of theRead MoreEssay about Saponifacation of Ethyl Acetate and Soldium Hydroxide3351 Words   |  14 PagesEthyl Acetate – NaOH Reaction Kinetics Experiment Martin Novick Group 14, Chemical Engineering Laboratory Submitted to Prof. David B. Henthorn September 25, 2012 Summary The goal of this project was to determine the pre-exponential factor, k o , the activation energy, E, and the reaction rate constants, k, of the saponification process of ethyl acetate using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 5 temperature between 15 and 25 degrees Celsius. Two trails were performed at temperatures 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24Read MoreThe Use Of Pvp As A Dye Solvent1366 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Material Polysulfone (INFO) supplied by (COMPANY) is used as a base polymer. N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent in casting solution, 2-propanol as a dye solvent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (INFO) and n-hexane are obtained from (COMPANY). ZIF-8 nanoparticles as a modification agent are obtained from (COMPANY). Dye (INFO) is obtained from (COMPANY). 3.2 Membrane Preparation The PSU/DMF casting solution was prepared by dissolving 18 wt% polysulfone and 1.5 wt% PVP in DMF at room temperature inRead MoreRelease of Aspirin from a Polymer Matrix2888 Words   |  12 Pages(Conductivity, Gt, ï  ­S/cm) against time (measured every 1-2 minutes for the interval of 30 minutes). To ensure consistency, the solution was swirl for approximately 10 seconds before the minute was up. Next, the conductance of aqueous solution with only aspirin present was calculated by getting the amount of aspirin through the formula (Y=X/102g aspirin) and it was dissolved into 50cm3 of water. The conductance was measured in order to obtain the Control (Ga). From there, the fractions of Aspirin releasedRead MoreCorrosion Is A Major Consideration For The Construction Industry5510 Words   |  23 Pages Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University College London University of London September 2015 Abstract Sustainablitiy is a major consideration for the construction industry†¦ ç› ®Ã¥ ½â€¢ Abstract 2 1.Introduction 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Objectives 5 2. Literature Review 7 2.1 Slag 7 2.2 Slag Activation 7 2.3 AAS Engineering Properties 8 2.4 Passive Film 9 2.5 Corrosion Mechanisms 9 2.6 Test Methods 12 3. Test Materials and Techniques 14 3.1 Test Materials 14 3.2 PastesRead MoreThe Effect Of Oil Recovery On The Economy2237 Words   |  9 Pagesnatural energy sources are; solution-gas drive, gas-cap drive, natural water drive, fluid and rock expansion, and gravity drainage. The recovery factor after this depletion is usually quite low, and normally only 5-30 % of the original oil in place (OOIP) can be produced. (Reference) 2.1.2 Secondary Recovery Secondary recovery is normally applied when the reservoir natural pressures are not enough to produce hydrocarbons. This process involves injection of water or gas, either for pressure support orRead MoreSodium Chloride and Solution2928 Words   |  12 PagesWrite your name here Surname Other names Edexcel Certificate Edexcel International GCSE Centre Number Candidate Number Chemistry Unit: KCH0/4CH0 Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0 Paper: 1C Monday 21 May 2012 – Morning Time: 2 hours You must have: Calculator Paper Reference KCH0/1C 4CH0/1C KSC0/1C 4SC0/1C Total Marks Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all questions

Israel A Blessing to All Nations Free Essays

â€Å"I will make of you a great nation? And you shall be a blessing? And all the families of the earth shall bless themselves by you† (Gen. 12:2-3). Israel is a blessing to the other nations. We will write a custom essay sample on Israel: A Blessing to All Nations or any similar topic only for you Order Now As long as Israel succeeds in informing other peoples and proving that Yahweh is God, it will be understood to be a blessing to these nations. The very examples often employed to dispel the idea of Israel’s being a blessing serve as evidence to support it. The plagues in Genesis actually prove that Yahweh is God to the Israelites and the Egyptians. In the infamous conquest of Canaan, Rahab and her family are spared because she acknowledges that Yahweh is God. Joseph gathers food to feed the Egyptians during the 7 years of famine. Throughout the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites relationship with other nations ultimately leads its peoples to benefit by the realization that Yahweh is God. At first, Israel’s relationship with the Egyptians does not seem to be a blessing; however, The Plagues result in the Egyptians ultimately perceiving Yahweh as God. God, so that the â€Å"Egyptians shall know that I am Lord† (Exodus 7:3,5), puts the Egyptians through a gauntlet, comprised of some of the worst conceivable ills that can befall man. When God states that He will bring down a hail storm, Pharaoh’s courtiers, â€Å"? who feared the Lord’s word brought their slaves and livestock indoors to safety† (9:20). This quotation signals a change in faith: previously, Pharoah’s courtiers did not pay attention to Moses’ premonitions. Gradually though, the courtiers begin to take notice of Yahweh’s power. Similarly, God vows to unleash locusts all over the land. Pharaoh’s courtiers become increasingly involved with Pharoah’s decisions and favor allowing the Israelites to leave: â€Å"? how long shall this one be a snare to us? Let the men go to worship the Lord our God† (10:7)! Examined carefully, the quotation reads † the Lord our God. † Even though the entire nation does not, Pharaoh’s courtiers accept Yahweh as their God. In a similar manner, Israel’s conquest of Canaan, at Jericho, reaffirms Israel’s status as a blessing. While hiding the two Israelite spies, Rahab confides, † I know that the Lord has given the country to you? for the Lord your God is the only God in heaven above and on earth below† (Josh. 2:9,11). Rahab is a harlot, whom one would presume to be anything but pious. When Israel destroys Jericho, † only Rahab the harlot and her father’s family were spared? and she dwelt among the Israelites? † (6:25). This quotation highlights two important notions: the author’s choice of stating â€Å"her father’s family,† can be interpreted as her immediate family or a larger group of people who also accept Yahweh. Secondly, Rahab’s † dwell[ing] among the Israelites† is a classic example of how the inhabitants of other nations remain and become a part of Israel. By remaining with the Israelites, Rahab embraces the fact that their God is the one and only God. Also part of Israel’s conquest of Canaan, are the events surrounding the city of Gibeon. Upon seeing what Israel had done to Jericho, â€Å"? the people of Gibeon had come to terms with Israel and remained among them? † (Joshua 10:2). This is yet another example of people from other nations accepting Yahweh and becoming a part of Israel. Without having directly experienced what Yahweh is capable of, the Gibeonites immediately identify Him as God. When Joshua arrives with Israel, and realizing what the king’s true intentions are, commands, † Stand still, O sun, at Gibeon,/ O moon, in the Valley of Aijalon† (10:12). Miraculously halting these supernatural forces, Joshua defeats all five armies and kills the kings. These marvels further strengthen the people’s faith in Yahweh and prove again that Israel is a blessing to the cities of Canaan. (israel proves to be a blessing to Canaan because it reveals to Canaan’s people the one true God) Proving that he himself is a blessing to the Egyptians, Joseph saves Egypt and its surrounding nations, from death and starvation. Joseph prophesizes that there will be â€Å"seven years of abundance? After them will come seven years of famine† (Genesis 41:29), and proposes that someone be in charge of gathering food to be used during the famine. Though Joseph is an Israelite, Pharoah puts him in charge of the life-saving task. Just as Joseph foretells, † There was famine in the land, but throughout the land of Egypt there was bread? So all the world came to Joseph in Egypt to procure rations? † (41:54, 57). In the above quotation, Joseph is portrayed as a godlike figure who saves the world from starvation, thus proving himself to be a blessing to the Egyptians and Canaanites. In addition to these cases, in which a named group of people (Pharaoh’s courtiers, Rahab, the Gibeonites) are enlightened to Yahweh’s existence, there are other instances in which unnamed groups of citizens proves Israel to be a blessing. As Israel finally departs from Egypt, the author describes how there are † about six thousand men on foot, aside from children. Moreover, a mixed multitude went up with them? † (Exodus 12:37-38). The author specifically mentions that â€Å"a mixed multitude,† which is understood to mean non-Israelites, joins the Israelites and recognizes Yahweh as God. In I Samuel, Israel is at conflict with the Philistines and has suffered a defeat because the Ark of the Lord is in Shiloh and not with the Israelites. Upon hearing Israel’s joyous shouts, the Philistines become † frightened† and question, † God has come to the camp? Who will save us from the power of this mighty God† (4:7-8)? The inhabitants of other nations previously refer to Yahweh, as † the God of Israel† or â€Å"the God of the Hebrews. However, in this quotation, the Philistines refer to Yahweh as if they are speaking of their own god, by omitting a distinction of whom He rules. After Israel captures Edom, â€Å"? all the Edomites became vassals of David† (II Sam. 8:14). Initially, this is capture is not seen as a blessing. However, after examining what nations ty pically did after capturing another nation, Israel is truly a blessing, because not only did Israel refrain from destroying, robbing, and murdering the citizens and the city, but instead appointed them to official positions. Israel’s conquests prove to be a blessing to other nations, as they allow the peoples to live by accepting Yahweh as God. Though Israel’s actions may not initially allow it to be apparent, Israel is a blessing to other nations. It is true that many people suffer, some innocently and others because they chose not to accept Yahweh as God. However, the Tanakh says it is much better to die with the truth, than it is to live in ignorance. How to cite Israel: A Blessing to All Nations, Essay examples

Treatment Principles in the Management

Question: Discuss about the Treatment Principles in the Management. Answer: Hypovolemia is a condition of loss blood volume, particularly plasma component of the blood following a open fracture in case of Jensen. Human body reacts to this large volume of blood loss by stimulation the vital physiological functions of the body like hematologic, cardiovascular, renal, and neuroendocrine systems. Due to the large volume of blood loos, there is the increased activity of the sympathetic system by releasing more amount norepinephrine and decreased activity of parasympathetic system by decreasing baseline vagal tone. Norepinephrine increases the heart rate through action on 1- receptors. In Jensen also there is increase heart rate due to post-surgery hypovolemia. In case of hypovolemia there is the less blood supply to the tissues and organs also there is less intravascular fluid due to the loss of blood during surgery. Amount of blood in the blood vessels is also very less. These are the reasons responsible for the occurrence of hypotension in hypovolemia. Measurement of blood pressure in case of Jensen also exhibited low blood pressure or hypotension (Kong et al., 2016; Moranville et al., 2011). In such cases of hypovolemia, cardiovascular system redistributes blood to the vital organs like heart, brain and kidney from skin and muscles. In post-operative patient temperature is generally low because anesthetics or antibiotics and in hypovolemia condition low temperature required to slower down metabolic process of the body and to preserve ischemic tissue. In Jensen also right leg is cool. In response to hypovolemia, kidney of the renal system reacts by activating the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney. This juxtaglomerular apparatus plays important role in the blood pressure regulation and glomerulus filtration rate. Due to more release of renin, angiotensin released from the liver gets converted to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I gets converted to angiotensin II by the action of angiotensin converting enzyme which plays vital role in maintaining blood pressure. Angiotensin II has two main functions like vasoconstriction of arteriolar smooth muscle and stimulation of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. These two functions of angiotensin II comes into action as a consequence of hypovolemia. Vasoconstriction of arteriolar smooth muscle leads to raised myocardial contractility and constricting peripheral blood vessels. Increased secretion of aldosterone leads to sodium absorption and consequently water conservation in proximal tubule. In case of hypovolemia, there is decreased flow of blood to the kidneys. In such scenario kidney retain sodium salt because kidney noticed that body require extra fluid at the cost of loss of blood. Due to this accumulation of sodium, there is more retention of sodium and water resulting in the edema and swelling as it is evident in case of Jensen. Due to the fluid loss in hypovolemia in post-operative patients, there is electrolyte imbalance in the patient. In response to hypovolemia, neuroendocrine system gets activated and there is increase in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Posterior pituitary gland releases ADH hormone in response to the decreased BP which is detected by baroreceptors present in the carotid sinus and in the aortic arch and in response to the depleted sodium concentration which is detected by osmoreceptors present in the hypothalamus of the brain. ADH manly performs two functions such as retaining water and sodium salt by the distal tubule, collecting ducts, and the loop of Henle and constricting blood vessels. As a result there is rise in the blood pressure which acts as compensatory mechanism for hypovolemia. In hypovolemia, there is the deficiency of insulin in the blood due to blood loss during surgery. As there is deficiency of insulin, cells cannot use enough glucose and follow anaerobic metabolism to produce energy. In such scenario, cells cant use glucose for their functioning and there is the ac cumulation of glucose in the blood stream. Hence there is increase in the blood glucose level in Jensen. As there is increased sympathetic activity in hypovolemia , it leads to the hyperventilation and bronchodilation which leads to the more delivery of oxygen to the tissues (Kennedy, 2006; Hobson Chima, 2013). As a result there is the gases imbalance in the blood. In case of Jensen, SaO2 is in towards the lower range. As oxygen saturation level is towards lower side, respiratory system compensate for this by increasing respiratory rate, which is evident in the Jensen. These complicated mechanisms mentioned are useful in controlling vital organ perfusion in case of blood loss due to surgery. In the absence of effective management for blood loss and as a result fluid loss, there is the possibility of hemorrhage, normal circulation impaired, effective perfusion to the organs and tissues impaired and high chances of multiple organ failure. First identified problem is breathing. Due to the increased airway resistance respiratory rate may increase. In case of Jensen also, there is the increase breathing rate. In case of Jensen respiratory rate is 24 BPM. This respiratory rate in Jensen is towards higher side of the normal respiratory rate. Respiratory rate generally increases when there in gas exchange imbalance in the respiratory tract. In case of Jensen SaO2 is 95%. SaO2 is the oxygen saturation in the blood. 95 % oxygen saturation is towards lower side of its normal value. Jensen also has smoking habit, hence it can exaggerate airway resistance and leads to the increased respiratory rate and decrease oxygen saturation. Due to the problem in breathing, Jensen is on oxygen therapy using Hudson mask with FiO2 6 liters. This FiO2 is fraction of inspired oxygen. Keeping patient on FiO2 6 liters using Hudson mask is not advisable. Second identified problem in Jensen is circulatory system. Main problem identified in circulatory system is hypovolemia due to blood loss during surgery and its consequences are increased heart rate and hypotension. In Jensen heart rate is 107 BPM, which is higher than the normal range. This heart rate is increased in Jensen due to increased sympathetic activity. Hypovolemia in Jensen is responsible for the increased sympathetic activity. Blood pressure in Jensen is 104/55mmHg. This blood pressure is lower than the normal range blood pressure. Hypovolemia in Jensen causes less amount of fluid in the blood vessel and it results in the low blood pressure. Third identified problem in Jensen is disability. In disability first problem is pain. Due to open fracture Jensen has pain. Pain score of Jensen is 7 on a scale of 1-10, which is towards the higher side. Second problem in the disability is the movement of the limb. Due to the open fracture, Jensen has problem in the movement of right leg and moreover there is swelling on the right leg. Last identified problem for Jensen is exposure. Due to the open fracture, his skin is opened and exposed to the environment. Moreover there are exudates at the fracture site and this can lead to the infection in the Jensen. Second problem is temperature in exposure. There is decrease in the temperature on the right leg of Jensen. In hypovolemic conditions generally temperature become low (Thim et al., 2012; Thim et al., 2010). For breathing problem, nursing goal is to improve breathing pattern and normalizing the respiratory rate. Generally high respiratory rate occurred due low oxygen saturation. Breathing pattern and respiratory rate can be improved by increasing the oxygen saturation in the blood. Oxygen therapy is the most effective intervention for this breathing problem. For cardiovascular problem, nursing goal is to reduce heart rate and normalize the low blood pressure. Nurse should look to bring heart rate below 100 bpm and blood pressure in around 12/80 mmHg. For disability problem, nurse should set goal to reduce pain score and to reduce other complications of pain like anxiety and depression. Also nurse should try to improve the movement of the right leg of Jensen without or minimal pain to him. In case of exposure, nurse should set goal for exposed skin. In this goal nurse should make sure that his opened skin is covered and protected from the possibility of infection. Nurse should try to norm alize the body temperature (Thim et al., 2012). First identified goal is to reduce infection due to open fracture. Open wounds in open fracture should be covered with pads covered soaked in saline and not the povidone iodine because povidone iodine can cause irritation to the tissues. Infection is the major problem in the patients with open fracture. Literature revealed that, upto 20 % of the patients with open fracture suffered through clinical infection. Use of antibiotics is the most effective strategy for the management of infection in such patients. It is evident from the literature that antibiotic treatment within the first 3 hours of injury can reduce the chances of infection by six fold (Halawi Morwood, 2015). Although cephalosporins are mostly used for infection due to gram positive bacteria some articles stated that these cephalosporins were recommended in infections due to gram negative bacteria also. Infection due to gram negative bacteria and contamination of soil was recommended to be treated with penicillin type of antibiotics. Most of the literature indicated that in hospital settings infection in the open factures should be treated for 1-3 days based on the type of infection and severity of the infection (Zalavras et al., 2007). In few of the articles it has been mentioned that infection in case of open fracture are also due to the Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas. In such case these articles mentioned specific antibiotics for these infections (Zalavras et al., 2004). For effective action of antibiotic in case open fracture infections, there is also literature available for the local or targeted delivery of the antibiotics. In one study, scientists prepared antibiotic based pouch comprising of the antibiotic powder and polymethylmethacrylate. These pouches are available commercially also and these can prepared in a simple manner in the respective hospitals also. Such antibiotic pouch containing tobramycin antibiotic with polymethylmethacrylate proved to be effective in reducing occurre nce of infection upto 35 % (Cross et al., 2008; Seligson Berling, 2015). Second identified goal is to reduce pain due to open fracture. Paracetamol is the most widely drug used for the pain management. Although, exact mechanism of paracetamol is not evident few studies had established its mechanism of action as inhibitor of prostaglonadin H2 synthese and other studies mentioned that paracetamol acts by interacting with beta-endorphins (Moller et al., 2005; Van der Westhuizen et al., 2011). In few studies it has been established that oral administration of paracetamol gave variable result mainly due to the less therapeutic concentration as compared to the intravenous administration (Tsang et al., 2013; Remy et al., 2006). Patients with open fracture require strong analgesia, hence opioids are recommended in patients with open fracture. Opioids mainly work by acting on the mu-opioid receptors. Commonly used opioids for pain management in the open fracture patients are morphine, codeine and oxycodone. In a study it had been proved that use of oxycodone reduc es the frequency of delirium as compared to morphine. Oxycodone can be given in two forms such as controlled release and immediate release. Main advantage with the controlled release oxycodone is that due to continuous release of drug, nurse and other staff gets freed from frequent administration of the drug (Blumenthal et al., 2007; Rothwell et al., 2011). If paracetamol and opioids are not working, then nurse should administer regional anesthetic nerve block. It had been mentioned in few articles that modified methods can be used to perform nerve block to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the method. These modifications include use of nerve stimulator and use ultrasound to locate the exact position of nerve. In open fracture there is the possibility of many nerve blocks. In studies it has been established that application of nerve block in pain management has advantages like reduction in the opioid dose, more reduction in the possibility of delirium and more effective in treating pain due open fracture as compared to opioid medication (Newman, et al., 2013; Foss et al., 2007). Along with these medications for the pain relief, physical pain management strategies were also reported in the literature for pain relief in patients with open fracture. These physical strategies include immobilization of the fractured leg or hand and keeping the fractured leg or hand in the comfort position (Marx et al., 2013). In providing these physical strategies for pain management nurse should convince pain with effective communication. Because all the patients may not cooperate to for this physical strategies of pain management. References: Blumenthal, S., Min, K., Marquardt, M., Borgeat, A. (2007). 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